Lee, “ The Pendulum of Cultural Imperialism: Popular Music Interchanges between the United States and Britain, 1943–1967,” Journal of Popular Culture, 27 ( 1993), 61 CrossRef Google Scholar Seago, Alex, “ ‘Where Hamburgers Sizzle on an Open Grill Night and Day’(?)! Global Pop Music and Americanization in the Year 2000,” American Studies, 41( 2000), 119–36, 123 Google Scholar Frith, Simon, “ Euro-Pop,” Cultural Studies, 3 ( 1989), 166–72, 167 CrossRef Google Scholar.Ħ Classic statements seeing globalization as domination are Herbert Schiller, Mass Communications and American Empire (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992) and Ariel Dorfman and Armand Mattelart, How to Read Donald Duck: Imperialist Ideology in the Disney Comic (New York: International General, 1975).
Bigsby, ed., Superculture: American Popular Culture and Europe (Bowling Green: Bowling Green University Popular Press, 1975), 123–39, 131–33 Cooper, Laura E. Michael Watts, “The Call and Response of Popular Music: The Impact of American Pop Music in Europe,” in C.W. E. The article therefore provides new perspectives on the historical significance of the iconic band and on the intersections between global and domestic cultural history in the 1960s, as well as suggesting a new framework for thinking about both the history and the contradictions of cultural globalization.ĥ For instance, see Andre Millard, “America on Record: Recorded Sound as an Agent of Americanisation,” in Jon Roper and Philip Melling, eds., Americanisation and the Transformation of World Cultures: Melting Pot or Cultural Chernobyl? (Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 1996), 155–71, 174.
Rather, the Beatles represented an increasingly unified and commodified culture that simultaneously served to reproduce cultural differences when different social formations projected their own meanings onto the hybridized group. More broadly, the article argues that the Beatles’ trajectory reveals that cultural globalization cannot be understood as a process either of homogenization or of creolization. Paying attention to the political economy underpinning the Beatles’ success, the international hybridity at the heart of their cultural work, and the diverse ways in which Americans interpreted the Beatles, the article argues that the band was a primary vector of pop culture's increasing globality in the 1960s. This article explores the Beatles’ invasion of America as a moment of cultural globalization.
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